Methodology
Target Margin & Pricing Planner methodology
Educational only: Business decision support, not accounting, tax or legal advice.
Privacy: Calculations run locally; Margin101 does not receive your commercial inputs.
Update policy: Reviewed when formulas or official dependencies change.
Scope: Market-neutral small-business planning using your own assumptions.
1. Formulas and units
P = C ÷ (1 − m)Where
- C
- unit cost excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Business record
- m
- target gross margin (decimal)Source: User decision
- P
- target price excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
G = P − CWhere
- C
- unit cost excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Business record
- P
- target price excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
- G
- gross profit (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
M = G ÷ PWhere
- P
- target price excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
- G
- gross profit (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
- M
- gross margin (decimal)Source: Calculated output
k = G ÷ CWhere
- C
- unit cost excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Business record
- G
- gross profit (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
- k
- markup (decimal)Source: Calculated output
Pₙ = P × (1 + g)Where
- P
- target price excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
- g
- indirect tax rate (decimal)Source: User assumption
- Pₙ
- price including indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
k = M ÷ (1 − M)Where
- M
- gross margin (decimal)Source: Calculated output
- k
- markup (decimal)Source: Calculated output
M = k ÷ (1 + k)Where
- M
- gross margin (decimal)Source: Calculated output
- k
- markup (decimal)Source: Calculated output
P = C × (1 + k)Where
- C
- unit cost excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Business record
- P
- target price excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
- k
- markup (decimal)Source: Calculated output
F = D + A + NWhere
- D
- direct cost excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Business record
- A
- allocated cost excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: User decision
- N
- minimum contribution (currency units/unit)Source: User decision
- F
- minimum price floor excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Rᵣ = Pₙ ÷ (1 + g)Where
- g
- indirect tax rate (decimal)Source: User assumption
- Pₙ
- price including indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
- Rᵣ
- retained scenario revenue (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Cᵣ = Cₙ ÷ (1 + g)Where
- g
- indirect tax rate (decimal)Source: User assumption
- Cₙ
- supplier cost including indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Business record
- Cᵣ
- retained scenario cost (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Gᵣ = Rᵣ − CᵣWhere
- Rᵣ
- retained scenario revenue (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
- Cᵣ
- retained scenario cost (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
- Gᵣ
- retained scenario gross profit (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Mᵣ = Gᵣ ÷ RᵣWhere
- Rᵣ
- retained scenario revenue (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
- Gᵣ
- retained scenario gross profit (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
- Mᵣ
- retained scenario margin (decimal)Source: Calculated output
Money inputs and outputs use the currency selected in the scenario without changing the canonical methodology. Rates, margins, utilisation and buffers are entered as percentages and converted to decimal values for calculation.
2. Worked example
Input assumptions
For an ex-indirect tax cost of 60 currency units and a 40% target margin, the target price is 60 currency units ÷ (1 − 0.40) = 100 currency units ex indirect tax.
Calculation and outputs
Example
For an ex-indirect tax cost of 60 currency units and a 40% target margin, the target price is 60 currency units ÷ (1 − 0.40) = 100 currency units ex indirect tax.
- Target price ex indirect tax
- 100.00 currency units
- Gross profit
- 40.00 currency units
- Margin validation
- 40%
- Markup
- 66.7%
- Customer price inc indirect tax
- 100.00 currency units
- Converted margin
- 40%
- Converted markup
- 66.7%
- Cost-plus price ex indirect tax
- 100.00 currency units
- Cost-plus margin
- 40%
- Minimum price floor ex indirect tax
- 100.00 currency units
- Registered retained revenue
- 100.00 currency units
- Registered retained cost
- 60.00 currency units
- Registered retained gross profit
- 40.00 currency units
- Registered retained margin
- 40%
- Unregistered cash revenue
- 110.00 currency units
- Unregistered cash cost
- 66.00 currency units
- Unregistered cash gross profit
- 44.00 currency units
- Unregistered cash margin
- 40%
Gross profit is 40 currency units. The validation step is 40 currency units ÷ 100 currency units = 40% margin. Markup is different: 40 currency units ÷ 60 currency units = 66.67%. With an illustrative, editable 10% indirect tax scenario, the displayed customer price is 110 currency units.
Interpretation
Treat the target price as a margin benchmark, then check whether customers and competitors support the proposed position.
3. Validation and boundary checks
- Recalculate margin from the resulting price; it should equal the target before display rounding.
- A zero margin returns the ex-indirect tax cost. A target approaching 100% makes the required price rise sharply, so the planner constrains invalid boundary values.
- Changing the indirect tax treatment changes the tax-inclusive display, not the underlying ex-indirect tax gross profit.
- The supporting conversion, cost-plus and price-floor modules reconcile to the same margin and markup definitions.
- The registered fixture removes indirect tax from both retained revenue and eligible credited cost; the unregistered cash fixture retains both indirect tax-inclusive cash amounts.
- An input-credit selection without the registered taxable-sale scenario fails closed.
4. Assumptions and source classification
- Unit cost and target margin are user-supplied planning assumptions, not industry benchmarks.
- The indirect tax rate is an editable user assumption. Confirm the applicable rate, taxability, registration and credit treatment for the relevant jurisdiction.
- Price, cost, margin and markup are calculated values derived from those inputs.
- The registered/unregistered indirect tax module is a user-selected arithmetic scenario; it does not determine registration, taxability or input-credit eligibility.
This planner has no current policy-data dependency. Its commercial assumptions are user supplied. Registered family-level regression suites exercise the shared business-logic engine and worked-result reconciliation.
5. Limitations
- The model does not decide what customers will pay or whether a chosen margin is commercially suitable.
- It does not model income tax, cash timing, discounts, mixed supplies, indirect tax-free or input-taxed sales, or allocation of shared overhead unless the user includes those amounts in cost.
This is educational decision support, not tax, accounting, legal or financial advice. Check the treatment of your actual transactions under the rules that apply to your business and seek qualified advice where appropriate.
6. Update and evidence policy
Registered family-level suites test formula invariants and example reconciliation; the release ledger records that coverage without claiming a separate oracle for every line of public copy. There is no official threshold or benchmark to refresh for this planner. Commercial inputs remain user-supplied because they vary by business and contract.
Change history
- : Initial public release of the planner and methodology after pre-launch calculation, content, source and interaction review.
Related reading
Guides to interpret the decision and its assumptions.
- Small-Business Pricing: A Decision Framework
Build a price from costs and contribution, then test margin, volume, capacity and customer-value assumptions in a clear decision sequence.
Read guide - How to Choose a Target Margin Without Guessing a Benchmark
Build a target-margin assumption from your own cost base, operating constraints and decision boundaries instead of copying a generic benchmark.
Read guide - Markup vs Margin: The Denominator Changes the Price
Understand why markup is measured against cost while margin is measured against selling price, and reconcile both directions.
Read guide - How to Build a Minimum Price Floor
Combine direct cost, an explicit shared-cost allocation and a minimum contribution assumption without mistaking the result for a market price.
Read guide - A Practical Small-Business Pricing Review Checklist
Review costs, margin assumptions, discounts, volume thresholds and product mix in a repeatable sequence with explicit stop points.
Read guide - Cost-Plus vs Value-Based Pricing for a Small Business
Compare the evidence, trade-offs and failure modes of cost-plus and value-based pricing without treating either method as a universal winner.
Read guide - Competitor-Based Pricing Risks for Small Businesses
Use competitor prices as observations, then test your own cost, capacity, offer, segment and tax boundary before choosing a price scenario.
Read guide - How to Write Pricing Assumptions Before Using a Calculator
Record the decision, boundaries, units, period, tax basis and stop conditions before entering pricing inputs.
Read guide - How to Compare Subscription, One-Off and Bundle Pricing
Compare the same customer job, horizon, recurring costs, cash timing and contribution without assuming any pricing model is universally best.
Read guide - Price Anchoring Tests and Small-Business Margin
Test a truthful anchor against a control while measuring contribution, conversion and guardrails without claiming a guaranteed uplift.
Read guide - How to Price a New Product When Cost Is Uncertain
Build reasoned low, base and high cost cases on one basis, then make a provisional pricing decision with explicit stop triggers.
Read guide