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Methodology

Target Margin & Pricing Planner methodology

This planner works backwards from an ex-indirect tax unit cost and a chosen gross-margin target. It then compares price, gross profit and markup so the operator can see the trade-off rather than treating one percentage as a recommendation.

Educational only: Business decision support, not accounting, tax or legal advice.

Privacy: Calculations run locally; Margin101 does not receive your commercial inputs.

Update policy: Reviewed when formulas or official dependencies change.

Scope: Market-neutral small-business planning using your own assumptions.

1. Formulas and units

Target price
P = C ÷ (1 − m)

Where

C
unit cost excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Business record
m
target gross margin (decimal)Source: User decision
P
target price excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Gross profit
G = P − C

Where

C
unit cost excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Business record
P
target price excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
G
gross profit (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Gross margin
M = G ÷ P

Where

P
target price excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
G
gross profit (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
M
gross margin (decimal)Source: Calculated output
Markup
k = G ÷ C

Where

C
unit cost excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Business record
G
gross profit (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
k
markup (decimal)Source: Calculated output
indirect tax scenario
Pₙ = P × (1 + g)

Where

P
target price excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
g
indirect tax rate (decimal)Source: User assumption
Pₙ
price including indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Margin to markup
k = M ÷ (1 − M)

Where

M
gross margin (decimal)Source: Calculated output
k
markup (decimal)Source: Calculated output
Markup to margin
M = k ÷ (1 + k)

Where

M
gross margin (decimal)Source: Calculated output
k
markup (decimal)Source: Calculated output
Cost-plus price
P = C × (1 + k)

Where

C
unit cost excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Business record
P
target price excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
k
markup (decimal)Source: Calculated output
Minimum price floor
F = D + A + N

Where

D
direct cost excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Business record
A
allocated cost excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: User decision
N
minimum contribution (currency units/unit)Source: User decision
F
minimum price floor excluding indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Registered retained revenue
Rᵣ = Pₙ ÷ (1 + g)

Where

g
indirect tax rate (decimal)Source: User assumption
Pₙ
price including indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Rᵣ
retained scenario revenue (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Eligible retained cost
Cᵣ = Cₙ ÷ (1 + g)

Where

g
indirect tax rate (decimal)Source: User assumption
Cₙ
supplier cost including indirect tax (currency units/unit)Source: Business record
Cᵣ
retained scenario cost (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Retained gross profit
Gᵣ = Rᵣ − Cᵣ

Where

Rᵣ
retained scenario revenue (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Cᵣ
retained scenario cost (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Gᵣ
retained scenario gross profit (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Retained margin
Mᵣ = Gᵣ ÷ Rᵣ

Where

Rᵣ
retained scenario revenue (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Gᵣ
retained scenario gross profit (currency units/unit)Source: Calculated output
Mᵣ
retained scenario margin (decimal)Source: Calculated output

Money inputs and outputs use the currency selected in the scenario without changing the canonical methodology. Rates, margins, utilisation and buffers are entered as percentages and converted to decimal values for calculation.

2. Worked example

Input assumptions

For an ex-indirect tax cost of 60 currency units and a 40% target margin, the target price is 60 currency units ÷ (1 − 0.40) = 100 currency units ex indirect tax.

Calculation and outputs

Example

For an ex-indirect tax cost of 60 currency units and a 40% target margin, the target price is 60 currency units ÷ (1 − 0.40) = 100 currency units ex indirect tax.

Target price ex indirect tax
100.00 currency units
Gross profit
40.00 currency units
Margin validation
40%
Markup
66.7%
Customer price inc indirect tax
100.00 currency units
Converted margin
40%
Converted markup
66.7%
Cost-plus price ex indirect tax
100.00 currency units
Cost-plus margin
40%
Minimum price floor ex indirect tax
100.00 currency units
Registered retained revenue
100.00 currency units
Registered retained cost
60.00 currency units
Registered retained gross profit
40.00 currency units
Registered retained margin
40%
Unregistered cash revenue
110.00 currency units
Unregistered cash cost
66.00 currency units
Unregistered cash gross profit
44.00 currency units
Unregistered cash margin
40%

Gross profit is 40 currency units. The validation step is 40 currency units ÷ 100 currency units = 40% margin. Markup is different: 40 currency units ÷ 60 currency units = 66.67%. With an illustrative, editable 10% indirect tax scenario, the displayed customer price is 110 currency units.

Interpretation

Treat the target price as a margin benchmark, then check whether customers and competitors support the proposed position.

3. Validation and boundary checks

  • Recalculate margin from the resulting price; it should equal the target before display rounding.
  • A zero margin returns the ex-indirect tax cost. A target approaching 100% makes the required price rise sharply, so the planner constrains invalid boundary values.
  • Changing the indirect tax treatment changes the tax-inclusive display, not the underlying ex-indirect tax gross profit.
  • The supporting conversion, cost-plus and price-floor modules reconcile to the same margin and markup definitions.
  • The registered fixture removes indirect tax from both retained revenue and eligible credited cost; the unregistered cash fixture retains both indirect tax-inclusive cash amounts.
  • An input-credit selection without the registered taxable-sale scenario fails closed.

4. Assumptions and source classification

  • Unit cost and target margin are user-supplied planning assumptions, not industry benchmarks.
  • The indirect tax rate is an editable user assumption. Confirm the applicable rate, taxability, registration and credit treatment for the relevant jurisdiction.
  • Price, cost, margin and markup are calculated values derived from those inputs.
  • The registered/unregistered indirect tax module is a user-selected arithmetic scenario; it does not determine registration, taxability or input-credit eligibility.

This planner has no current policy-data dependency. Its commercial assumptions are user supplied. Registered family-level regression suites exercise the shared business-logic engine and worked-result reconciliation.

5. Limitations

  • The model does not decide what customers will pay or whether a chosen margin is commercially suitable.
  • It does not model income tax, cash timing, discounts, mixed supplies, indirect tax-free or input-taxed sales, or allocation of shared overhead unless the user includes those amounts in cost.

This is educational decision support, not tax, accounting, legal or financial advice. Check the treatment of your actual transactions under the rules that apply to your business and seek qualified advice where appropriate.

6. Update and evidence policy

Registered family-level suites test formula invariants and example reconciliation; the release ledger records that coverage without claiming a separate oracle for every line of public copy. There is no official threshold or benchmark to refresh for this planner. Commercial inputs remain user-supplied because they vary by business and contract.

Change history

  1. : Initial public release of the planner and methodology after pre-launch calculation, content, source and interaction review.

Guides to interpret the decision and its assumptions.

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